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1 Pliny the Elder
Общая лексика: Плиний старший -
2 Pliny the Elder
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4 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. c. 23 AD Como, Italyd. 25 August 79 AD near Pompeii, Italy[br]Roman encyclopedic writer on the natural world.[br]Pliny was well educated in Rome, and for ten years or so followed a military career with which he was able to combine literary work, writing especially on historical subjects. He completed his duties c. 57 AD and concentrated on writing until he resumed his official career in 69 AD with administrative duties. During this last phase he began work on his only extant work, the thirty-seven "books" of his Historia Naturalis (Natural History), each dealing with a broad subject such as astronomy, geography, mineralogy, etc. His last post was the command of the fleet based at Misenum, which came to an end when he sailed too near Vesuvius during the eruption that engulfed Pompeii and he was overcome by the fumes.Pliny developed an insatiable curiosity about the natural world. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans made few original contributions to scientific thought and observation, but some made careful compilations of the learning and observations of Greek scholars. The most notable and influential of these was the Historia Naturalis. To the ideas about the natural world gleaned from earlier Greek authors, he added information about natural history, mineral resources, crafts and some technological processes, such as the extraction of metals from their ores, reported to him from the corners of the Empire. He added a few observations of his own, noted during travels on his official duties. Not all the reports were reliable, and the work often presents a tangled web of fact and fable. Gibbon described it as an immense register in which the author has "deposited the discoveries, the arts, and the errors of mankind". Pliny was indefatigable in his relentless note-taking, even dictating to his secretary while dining.During the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages in Western Europe, Pliny's Historia Naturalis was the largest known collection of facts about the natural world and was drawn upon freely by a succession of later writers. Its influence survived the influx into Western Europe, from the twelfth century, of translations of the works of Greek and Arab scholars. After the invention of printing in the middle of the fifteenth century, Pliny was the first work on a scientific subject to be printed, in 1469. Many editions followed and it may still be consulted with profit for its insights into technical knowledge and practice in the ancient world.[br]BibliographyThe standard Latin text with English translation is that edited by H.Rackham et al.(1942– 63, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann, 10 vols). The French version is by A.Further ReadingThe editions mentioned above include useful biographical and other details. For special aspects of Pliny, see K.C.Bailey, 1929–32, The Elder Pliny's Chapters on Chemical Subjects, London, 2 vols.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
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I
1. 'eldə adjective((often of members of a family) older; senior: He has three elder sisters; He is the elder of the two.) mayor
2. noun1) (a person who is older: Take the advice of your elders.) mayor2) (an office-bearer in Presbyterian churches.) presbítero•- elderly- eldest
- the elderly
II 'eldə noun(a kind of shrub or tree with purple-black fruit. (elderberries).)elder adj mayortr['eldəSMALLr/SMALL]1 mayor1 mayor nombre masculino2 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL anciano,-a1 ancianos,-as, mayores nombre masculino plural1 formal use el viejo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLelder statesman viejo estadista nombre masculino————————tr['eldəSMALLr/SMALL]1 SMALLBOTANY/SMALL saúcoelder ['ɛldər] adj: mayorelder n1)to be someone's elder : ser mayor que alguien2) : anciano m, -na f (de un pueblo o una tribu)3) : miembro m del consejo (en varias religiones)adj.• mayor adj.n.• anciano s.m.• dignatario s.m.• mayor s.m.• sauco s.m.
I 'eldər, 'eldə(r)adjective <brother/sister/child> mayor
II
1)a) ( older person)she's my elder by two years — me lleva dos años, es dos años mayor que yo
b) ( senior person)the villageibal elders — los ancianos del pueblo/de la tribu
c) ( Relig) miembro m del consejo2) ( Bot) saúco m
I ['eldǝ(r)]1.ADJ [brother etc] mayorelder statesman — viejo estadista m ; (fig) persona f respetada
2.N (=senior) mayor m ; [of tribe] anciano m ; (in certain Protestant churches) persona laica que ejerce funciones educativas, pastorales y/o administrativasSee:see cultural note CHURCHES OF ENGLAND/SCOTLAND in church
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['eldǝ(r)]N (Bot) saúco m* * *
I ['eldər, 'eldə(r)]adjective <brother/sister/child> mayor
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1)a) ( older person)she's my elder by two years — me lleva dos años, es dos años mayor que yo
b) ( senior person)the village/tribal elders — los ancianos del pueblo/de la tribu
c) ( Relig) miembro m del consejo2) ( Bot) saúco m -
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I 1. attributive adjectiveälter...2. noun1)our elders and betters — die Älteren mit mehr Lebenserfahrung
2) (official in Church) [Kirchen]älteste, der/dieII noun(Bot.) Holunder, der* * *I 1. ['eldə] adjective((often of members of a family) older; senior: He has three elder sisters; He is the elder of the two.) älter2. noun1) (a person who is older: Take the advice of your elders.) der/die Ältere2) (an office-bearer in Presbyterian churches.) der Gemeindeälteste•- academic.ru/23628/elderly">elderly- eldest
- the elderly II ['eldə] noun(a kind of shrub or tree with purple-black fruit. (elderberries).) der Holunder* * *el·der1[ˈeldəʳ, AM -ɚ]I. nlisten to the advice of your \elders hör auf den Rat der Älteren [o von Leuten, die älter sind als dushe is my \elder by three years sie ist drei Jahre älter als ichvillage \elder Dorfälteste(r) f(m)4. RELchurch \elder [or E\elder] [Kirchen]älteste(r) f(m)\elder statesman/stateswoman erfahrener Politiker [o Staatsmann] /erfahrene Politikerinel·der2[ˈeldəʳ, AM -ɚ]* * *I ['eldə(r)]1. adj attr comp of old1) (= older) brother etc ältere(r, s)2)(= senior)
Pliny the elder — Plinius der Ältere, der ältere Plinius2. n1)IIrespect your elders and betters — du musst Respekt vor Älteren haben
n (BOT)Holunder m* * *elder1 [ˈeldə(r)]A adjBrown the elder Brown senior;Holbein the Elder Holbein der Ältereelder officer MIL rangältester Offizier;3. poet früher:B s1. (der, die) Ältere:my elders Leute, die älter sind als ich;he is my elder by two years er ist zwei Jahre älter als ich2. (Stammes-, Gemeinde) Älteste(r) melder2 [ˈeldə(r)] s BOT Holunder m* * *I 1. attributive adjectiveälter...2. noun1)2) (official in Church) [Kirchen]älteste, der/dieII noun(Bot.) Holunder, der* * *n.Älteste -n m.,f. -
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I 1. ['eldə(r)] 2.1) (older person) maggiore m. e f., (il) più vecchio, (la) più vecchia2) (in tribe, group) anziano m. (-a)3) (in Presbyterian church) anziano m.II ['eldə(r)]nome bot. sambuco m.* * *I 1. ['eldə] adjective((often of members of a family) older; senior: He has three elder sisters; He is the elder of the two.)2. noun1) (a person who is older: Take the advice of your elders.)2) (an office-bearer in Presbyterian churches.)•- elderly- eldest
- the elderly II ['eldə] noun(a kind of shrub or tree with purple-black fruit. (elderberries).)* * *elder (1) /ˈɛldə(r)/A a. (compar. irr. di old)1 ( di due membri d'una famiglia) maggiore ( d'età); più vecchio; più anziano: My elder sister [daughter] is married, la mia sorella [figlia] maggiore è sposata2 ( con nome proprio) – the Elder, il Vecchio; Maggiore: Pliny the Elder, Plinio il Vecchio; Cato the Elder, Catone MaggioreB n.1 (spec. al pl.) persona maggiore di età; persona più anziana, più vecchia; anziano: He is my elder by five years, ha cinque anni più di me; You should listen to your elders, dovresti dare ascolto a chi è più vecchio di te; respect for elders, il rispetto degli anziani● our elders and betters, chi è più anziano e ha più esperienza di noi □ elder statesman, (polit.) anziano uomo politico ( dal passato prestigioso e ancora consultato); ( anche fig.) grande vecchio.NOTA D'USO: - elder o older?- elder (2) /ˈɛldə(r)/n.(bot., Sambucus nigra) sambuco.* * *I 1. ['eldə(r)] 2.1) (older person) maggiore m. e f., (il) più vecchio, (la) più vecchia2) (in tribe, group) anziano m. (-a)3) (in Presbyterian church) anziano m.II ['eldə(r)]nome bot. sambuco m. -
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I 1. 'eldə adjective((often of members of a family) older; senior: He has three elder sisters; He is the elder of the two.) eldre2. noun1) (a person who is older: Take the advice of your elders.) person som er eldre2) (an office-bearer in Presbyterian churches.) menighetsforstander•- elderly- eldest
- the elderly II 'eldə noun(a kind of shrub or tree with purple-black fruit. (elderberries).) hyllebæreldstIsubst. \/ˈeldə\/1) eldre2) ( i menighet) eldsteelders and betters de som er gamle og erfarneIIsubst. \/ˈeldə\/1) ( tre i slekten Sambucus) hyll2) ( tresorten Sambucus nigra) svarthyll3) ( botanikk) forklaring: plante med blader eller blomster som ligner hyll, f.eks. ground elder forklaring: (skvallerkål)IIIadj. \/ˈeldə\/ (komp. av) old1) ( spesielt om slektninger) eldre• which is the elder?2) tidligere tiders, fortidensgammel skikk \/ gammel sedvaneelder hand ( kortspill) forhånd -
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Ⅰ.elder1 ['eldə(r)](brother, sister) aîné;∎ Pitt the Elder le Premier Pitt;∎ Pliny the Elder Pline l'Ancien2 noun(a) (of two children) aîné(e) m,f(b) (of tribe, the Church) ancien m∎ you should respect your elders (and betters) vous devez le respect à vos aînésⅡ.elder2sureau m -
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13 Pliny n
['plɪnɪ]Pliny the Younger/the Elder — Plinio il Giovane/il Vecchio
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14 Home is where the heart is.
<01> Дом – это там, где твое сердце. Pliny the Elder (Плиний Старший).Англо-русский словарь цитат, пословиц, поговорок и идиом > Home is where the heart is.
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15 In these matters the only certainty is that there is nothing certain.
<01> В этой жизни определенно только то, что нет ничего определенного. Pliny the Elder (Плиний Старший).Англо-русский словарь цитат, пословиц, поговорок и идиом > In these matters the only certainty is that there is nothing certain.
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16 Plinije Stariji
• Pliny the Elder -
17 Plinio el Viejo
Ex. For example, Pliny the Elder describes a Carthaginian expedition to the Canaries.* * *Ex: For example, Pliny the Elder describes a Carthaginian expedition to the Canaries.
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18 Pline l'Ancien/le Jeune
Pliny the Elder/Younger -
19 Plinio
m.1 Pliny, Pliny the Elder, Gaius Plinius Secundus.2 Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Pliny the Younger.* * *SM Pliny* * *= Pliny.Ex. Compiling so much information didn't leave much time for fact checking, and Pliny verified little of what he wrote.----* Plinio el Joven = Pliny the Younger.* Plinio el Viejo = Pliny the Elder.* * *= Pliny.Ex: Compiling so much information didn't leave much time for fact checking, and Pliny verified little of what he wrote.
* Plinio el Joven = Pliny the Younger.* Plinio el Viejo = Pliny the Elder.* * *Pliny -
20 vecchio
(pl -cchi) 1. adj old2. m, vecchia f senior citizen* * *vecchio agg.1 old: un cane vecchio, an old dog; una vecchia casa, an old house; è molto vecchio, he's very old; sono vecchi clienti, they are old customers; ha un viso vecchio, he has an old face; un abito vecchio stile, an old-fashioned dress; delle due case questa è la più vecchia, this is the older of the two houses; l'oggetto più vecchio nel museo, the oldest item in the museum; un vecchio amico, rancore, an old friend, grudge; una vecchia storia, an old story; diventare vecchio, to grow old; sentirsi vecchio, to feel old // nascere vecchio, ( maturo) to be old before one's time // vecchio come Matusalemme, as old as Methuselah2 ( maggiore) older (compar.), oldest (superl. rel.); ( tra fratelli o figli) elder (compar.), eldest (superl. rel.): fra te e me sono io il più vecchio, I'm the older of the two of us; è la più vecchia delle due sorelle, she is the elder of the two sisters; è il più vecchio di tutti i fratelli, he's the eldest of all the brothers // Plinio il Vecchio, (st.) Pliny the Elder3 ( antico) ancient, old: vecchia civiltà, tradizione, old (o ancient) civilization, tradition // un gentiluomo di vecchio stampo, a gentleman of the old school // il Vecchio Testamento, the Old Testament4 (stantio) stale: pane vecchio, stale bread6 ( esperto) old, expert: un vecchio lupo di mare, an old sea dog; essere vecchio del mestiere, to be an old hand (at the job)◆ s.m.1 old man: i vecchi, the old (o old people); vidi due vecchi, I saw two old men // ciao, vecchio mio!, hallo, old man! // i nostri vecchi, ( genitori) our parents, ( antenati) our ancestors2 ( chi ha anzianità in un lavoro) senior employee: i vecchi dell'azienda, the senior members of the firm3 ( ciò che è vecchio) the old: conflitto tra il vecchio e il nuovo, conflict between the old and the new.* * *['vekkjo] vecchio -chia, -chi, -chie1. agg1) (gen) oldè un uomo vecchio stile o stampo — he's an old-fashioned man
vecchia volpe fig — cunning o wily old fox
2) (precedente) old, formeril vecchio sindaco — the old o former mayor
2. sm3. sm/f(persona) old man (woman)i vecchi smpl the old o aged, old o elderly people, old folkcome stanno i tuoi vecchi? — (fam : genitori) how are your folks?
il mio vecchio — (padre) the o my old man
la mia vecchia — (madre) the o my old woman
vecchio mio! — old man!, old chap!
* * *1.1) (anziano) [persona, animale] old; (non nuovo) [ oggetto] olddiventare vecchio — to get o grow old
il più vecchio — (superlativo) oldest; (tra due persone) older; (tra due consanguinei) elder; (tra più consanguinei) eldest
essere 5 anni più vecchio di qcn. — to be senior to sb. o sb.'s senior by 5 years; (negli appellativi)
3) (antico) old, ancient; (di un tempo) [indirizzo, casa] old, former; (superato) [sistema, procedimento] old-fashioned, outdatedè una -a storia — that's ancient o past history, that's old hat
4) (che dura o si conosce da tempo) [conoscenza, amico] olddi -a data — [amicizia, rivalità] long-standing, long-time
5) (esperto)essere vecchio del mestiere — to be an old hand, to know the ropes
2.notizie -chie — fig. stale news
sostantivo maschile (f. -a)1) (persona anziana) old person; (uomo) old man*i -chi — old people, the old
da vecchio io... — in my old age, I
2) colloq. (amico)come va vecchio mio? — how are you old boy o devil?
3) colloq.il mio vecchio — (padre) my old man
i miei -chi — (genitori) my parents
•Vecchio Testamento — Old Testament. Come in italiano anziano è una forma più gentile che spesso sostituisce vecchio, così elderly è spesso usato al posto di old. - Altri sostantivi inglesi più formali o eufemistici possono essere senior citizen o OAP (abbreviazione di old age pensioner)
••essere vecchio come il cucco — to be out of the ark, to be as old as the hills
* * *vecchio1 (anziano) [persona, animale] old; (non nuovo) [ oggetto] old; diventare vecchio to get o grow old; sentirsi vecchio to feel one's age; la -a generazione the older generation2 (in espressioni comparative) più vecchio older; il più vecchio (superlativo) oldest; (tra due persone) older; (tra due consanguinei) elder; (tra più consanguinei) eldest; essere 5 anni più vecchio di qcn. to be senior to sb. o sb.'s senior by 5 years; (negli appellativi) Plinio il Vecchio Pliny the Elder3 (antico) old, ancient; (di un tempo) [indirizzo, casa] old, former; (superato) [sistema, procedimento] old-fashioned, outdated; l'anno vecchio the old year; la città -a the old town; ai -chi tempi in the old days; è una -a storia that's ancient o past history, that's old hat4 (che dura o si conosce da tempo) [conoscenza, amico] old; è un mio vecchio sogno it has always been my dream; di -a data [amicizia, rivalità] long-standing, long-time; il buon vecchio Tim! good old Tim!5 (esperto) essere vecchio del mestiere to be an old hand, to know the ropes; un vecchio lupo di mare an old sea dog(f. -a)1 (persona anziana) old person; (uomo) old man*; i -chi old people, the old; da vecchio io... in my old age, I...essere vecchio come il cucco to be out of the ark, to be as old as the hills; vecchio come Matusalemme as old as Methuselah\vecchio mondo Old World; Vecchio Testamento Old Testament. Come in italiano anziano è una forma più gentile che spesso sostituisce vecchio, così elderly è spesso usato al posto di old. - Altri sostantivi inglesi più formali o eufemistici possono essere senior citizen o OAP (abbreviazione di old age pensioner).
См. также в других словарях:
PLINY THE ELDER° — (23–79 C.E.), Roman historian, naturalist, and administrator. Pliny s voluminous Naturalis Historia, the only work of his extant, contains a number of references to Jews and Judaism. Some of these references relate to the physical characteristics … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Pliny the Elder — Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, (AD 23 – August 25, AD 79), better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author, naturalist or natural philosopher and naval and military commander of some importance who wrote Naturalis Historia . He is known… … Wikipedia
Pliny the Elder — Latin Gaius Plinius Secundus born AD 23, Novum Comum, Transpadane Gaul died Aug. 24, 79, Stabiae, near Mt. Vesuvius Roman scholar. Descended from a prosperous family, Pliny pursued a military career, held official positions (including procurator… … Universalium
Pliny the Elder — Plin|y the El|der (23 79 AD) an ancient Roman writer who wrote Natural History, a very long book about plants, animals, minerals etc. He was killed when Mount ↑Vesuvius ↑erupted, and he was the ↑uncle of Pliny the Younger … Dictionary of contemporary English
Pliny the Elder — Classical Author AD 23 79. Pliny s Historia Naturalis provides a less important study of Egypt s geography than the account given by *Strabo, but he supplies some useful and interesting information. His extensive collection of facts is… … Ancient Egypt
Pliny the Elder — noun Roman author of an encyclopedic natural history; died while observing the eruption of Vesuvius (23 79) • Syn: ↑Pliny, ↑Gaius Plinius Secundus • Instance Hypernyms: ↑writer, ↑author … Useful english dictionary
PLINY, THE ELDER — naturalist, born at Como, educated at Rome, and served in the army; was for a space procurator in Spain, spent much of his time afterwards studying at Borne; being near the Bay of Naples during an eruption of Vesuvius, he landed to witness the … The Nuttall Encyclopaedia
Pliny the Elder — n. (23 79 A.D.) Gaius Plinius Secundus, Roman historian and author of Natural History who died while watching the eruption of Vesuvius … English contemporary dictionary
PLINY THE ELDER (GAIUS PLINIUS SECUNDUS) — (AD 23–AD 79) The Roman writer and polymath who recorded some information on Etruscan religious interpretation of lightning in his Historia Naturalis … Historical Dictionary of the Etruscans
the elder — 1 used in comparing the ages of two people who are members of the same family He s the elder of her two brothers. 2 used to refer to the older of two people (such as a father and son) who have the same name Pliny the Elder and his nephew Pliny… … Useful english dictionary
Pliny the Younger — Pliny the Young|er (?61 113 AD) an ancient Roman politician and writer whose letters provide a detailed picture of Roman life at that time. He was the ↑nephew of Pliny the Elder … Dictionary of contemporary English
